Some Math Reminders: The caret sign ^ is a way to show (using ASCII) that you've raised a base number to an exponent. Kilobyte is 2^10, or 1024^1, or 1024 bytes Megabyte is 2^20, or 1024^2, or 1,048,578 bytes Gigabyte is 2^30, or 1024^3, or 1,073,741,824 bytes Terabyte is 2^40, or 1024^4, or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes When you multiply two numbers, if they are raised to an exponent but have the same base, you can simply add the exponents. For example: 2^4 * 2^6 = 2^10 = 1 Kilobyte 32K = 2^8 * 2^10 = 2^18 = 262,144 bytes This is a printout of the first 40 powers of 2: (See even more at http://www.newdream.net/~sage/old/numbers/pow2.htm) 2^1 = 2 2^2 = 4 2^3 = 8 2^4 = 16 2^5 = 32 2^6 = 64 2^7 = 128 2^8 = 256 2^9 = 512 2^10 = 1,024 2^11 = 2,048 2^12 = 4,096 2^13 = 8,192 2^14 = 16,384 2^15 = 32,768 2^16 = 65,536 2^17 = 131,072 2^18 = 262,144 2^19 = 524,288 2^20 = 1,048,576 2^21 = 2,097,152 2^22 = 4,194,304 2^23 = 8,388,608 2^24 = 16,777,216 2^25 = 33,554,432 2^26 = 67,108,864 2^27 = 134,217,728 2^28 = 268,435,456 2^29 = 536,870,912 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 2^31 = 2,147,483,648 2^32 = 4,294,967,296 2^33 = 8,589,934,592 2^34 = 17,179,869,184 2^35 = 34,359,738,368 2^36 = 68,719,476,736 2^37 = 137,438,953,472 2^38 = 274,877,906,944 2^39 = 549,755,813,888 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776